Organ Donation - 2032 Words

Organ Donation Pros and Cons Organ donation is a noble act that makes a positive difference to the lives of many people by enabling them to lead a longer and a healthful life. Here s a bit about the pros and cons of donating vital organs and tissues of one s body. Quick Fact As an organ donor, you can actually save more than one life. In fact, a single donor may make a difference to the lives of about fifty people. Human organ failure has a long history. Since a long time, people have been suffering and eventually dying because one or more of their organ(s) stopped functioning. The advent of the concept of organ transplantation came as an important breakthrough in the medical field, in the 20th century. The idea behind organ†¦show more content†¦The transplant may seem expensive when one actually gets it done, but in the long run, it saves a lot of money that would have otherwise been spent on treatments such as kidney dialysis, which demand heavy expenses from time to time. This is because, the patient would receive a healthy organ from the donor, which will then perform its functions on its own. Provides Material for Medical Research Some people opt to donate their organs, and sometimes their entire bodies to hospitals, universities, and other medical research facilities. The medical scientists perform experiments on these donated organs, tissues, and bodies, in order to find cures and treatments for various complex medical conditions such as cancer, diabetes, etc. The newly found treatments further aid the medical practitioners in saving human lives. Today, organ donation and organ transplantation has become routine in the field of medical sciences. The success rate of such surgeries is high. The number of donors is also on an increase year by year, with the awareness regarding organ donation spread among more and more people. Cons of Organ Donation Organ donation and organ transplantation have always stirred a controversy, right since the beginning. People who did not believe in the possibility of organ transplantation, criticized its earliest pioneers, primarily on ethical grounds. The argument was against the removal of vital organs and tissues from one human bodyShow MoreRelated Organ Donation Essay740 Words   |  3 PagesOrgan Donation Organ donation is a topic which contains many conflicting views. To some of the public population organ donation is a genuine way of saving the life of another, to some it is mistrusted and to others it is not fully understood. There are some techniques that can be used to increase donation. Of these techniques the most crucial would be being educated. If the life threatening and the critical shortage of organs was fully understood by the public, organ donation wouldRead MoreOrgan Donation : Organ Donations Essay1323 Words   |  6 PagesPreviously organ donation has encountered organ donors and organ supply rejections. Organ donation challenges and demands decreased as the organ shortages increase over the years. Organ donation mission is to save many terminally ill recipients at the end stages of their lives, the significance of the organ donation is to give back to restore one’s quality of life. The ongoing issues may present an idealistic portrait of how these issues may be resolved. As a result organ donation mission is toRead MoreOrgan Donation. â€Å"Organ Donation Is Not A Tragedy, But It1112 Words   |  5 PagesOrgan Donation â€Å"Organ donation is not a tragedy, but it can be a beautiful light, in the midst of one† (Unknown). There has been many disbeliefs about donating your organs over the years. The organ demand drastically exceeds the available supply, which is why more people need to be organ donors. People should become organ donors because of the limited availability of organs and the chance to save many lives. Although many people think that if you are an organ donor doctors won’t try as hard toRead MoreOrgan Donation2096 Words   |  9 Pages stat! After applying yourself to be a recipient for a donation, you will be added to the waiting list for that organ. This can take months, if not years. Receiving an organ can be sudden whenever an organ match has been found for you. We should reevaluate organ donation due to someone’s personal religion, inability to benefit the poor, numerous hospital visits, and potential endangerment to their own well being. Therefore, in 2009, organ transplants became a demand everywhere so abruptly thatRead MoreOrgan Donation And Organ Organs Essay1308 Words   |  6 PagesOrgan donations have encountered organ donor and organ supply rejections. Organ donation challenges and demands increase as the organ shortages increase over the years. Organ donation’s mission is to save many terminally ill recipients at the end stages of their lives. The significance of the organ donation is to give back to restore one’s quality of life. The ongoing issues may present an idealistic portrait of how these issues may be resolved. As a result, the mission of organ donations are toRead MoreOrgan Donation : Organ Organs1054 Words   |  5 PagesOrgan Donation Organ donation occurs when a failing or damaged organ, is replaced with a new organ, through a surgical operation. The two sources of organs for donation come from a deceased person and a living person. The organs that are received from a deceased person are called cadaveric organs. A person can indicate on his or her driver’s license if they want to be an organ donor after they die. There are some states that allow for family consent for organ removal, regardless if the deceasedRead MoreIs Organ Donation Or Not?1486 Words   |  6 Pageswill happen if they ever donate their organ/s or tissue’s. Most look upon people who donate organ/s as generous. Others even applaud them for being a lifesaver. The question that lingers on many: Is it proper to charge for the organ donations or not? According to the Mayo Clinic, in United States alone, over 100,000 individuals are in the offing for an organ donation. Regrettably, several individuals may at no time procure the bid that a fit benefactor of an organ matches his or her— one more wagerRead MoreOrgan Donation1163 Words   |  5 PagesBut by becoming an organ donor, you can be able to say â€Å"I will save a life.† Organ donation is a selfless way to give back to others, and to be able to make a huge difference by giving another person a second chance at life. Unfortunately, the number of patients waiting for organs far exceeds the number of people who have registered to become organ donors. Patients are forced to wait months, even years for a match, and far too many die before they are provided with a suitable organ. There are many shamesRead Moreorgan donation1007 Words   |  5 Pagesyou would help someone after you have passed on. Organ and tissue donation is a topic that does not get enough attent ion. Ninety-five percent of Americans say that they support donation yet the number of registered donors is much smaller (www.organdonor.gov). Anyone can sign up to be a donor. After death you can donate your organs. Each day 18 people will die waiting on organs. Tissues are also able to be donated. The age of donation do not matter. Some mothers donate the blood of theRead MoreOrgan Donation1237 Words   |  5 PagesSpecific Purpose: To persuade my audience to donate their organs and tissues when they die and to act upon their decision to donate. Thesis Statement: The need is constantly growing for organ donors and it is very simple to be an organ donor when you die. I. INTRODUCTION A. Attention material/Credibility Material: How do you feel when you have to wait for something you really, really want? What if it was something you couldn’t live without? Well, my cousin was five years old when

Ethical Theories And Principles Of The Ethics - 1576 Words

Ethical theories and principles are the backbone of decision making, as they are the table from which one generates guidance in order to make the most ethically correct decision. Each of the different ethical theories discussed has sought to provide the best answer to the question: â€Å"Why should we adopt or reject particular ethical values and principles to guide our actions† (Hutchings, 14). I believe that the deontological theory provides the best answer to the preceding question; the theory does an excellent job of not only explaining why one should reject certain ethical theories but also very clearly states and substantiates the reason for adopting the values it encompasses. The following paper will first provide an overview of deontology, the paper will then move on to defend this choice by discussing both the reason for the selection as well as responding to common objections to deontology. In order to comprehend why deontology has the most success in responding to t he previously stated question, one must first understand the basis or foundation that develops the normative ethical theory. Deontological theories hold that actions that are morally right are those in accordance with certain rules, duties, rights or maxims. For deontologists intention is what is important and consequences do not matter; this is because according to deontologists one is right in acting a certain way only if one acts for the right reason. To dive deeper into deontological ethics one mustShow MoreRelatedEthical Theories And Principles Of Ethics930 Words   |  4 Pagesal., 2009). Ethics means weighing carefully the actions to be undertaken through the compliance prism of a set of values and standards defined at the level of society, for its own good. Ethical leadership is ‘‘the demonstration of normatively appropriate conduct through personal actions and interpersonal relationships, and the promotion of such conduct to followers through two-way communication, reinforcement, and decision-making’’ (Brown, Trevino, Harrison, 2005, p. 120). Ethical leaders areRead MoreEthical Theories And Principles Of Medical Ethics Essay2030 Words   |  9 PagesMedical Ethics PHIL 148 @ Binghamton University, Sum 11 By Brandon Ethical Theories and Principles This week we covered the various ethical theories and principles we will be using throughout the course. Test your knowledge of the readings using the quiz. Instructions Each week a quiz will be provided on the second Reading Day (Tuesday. Don t let this practice quiz on a Friday throw you off!). You can use this quiz to test your textual knowledge and reading abilities and to guarantee a firm foundationRead MoreCritically Evaluate Medical Ethics And Legal Issues1263 Words   |  6 PagesCritically evaluate medical ethics and legal issues Introduction Medical ethics and legal issues have been a key topic in medical field for many years now. It is important for medical professionals to understand the importance of the way we care for patients, it is therefore important to be knowledgeable and aware of the medical ethics and legal issues that govern good patient care. Health care professionals must make decisions based on ethical and legal issues to performance their regular dutiesRead MoreEthical Issues Facing The Healthcare Industry905 Words   |  4 PagesThe following ethics program will highlight some key ethical issues facing the healthcare industry as a whole, as well as hospice agencies specifically. In this program, I will reference ethical principles used today as well as reference historical ethicists and philosophers that backup the items outlined in this ethics program. There are two major topics to be discussed. The first will be how to treat patients that are at the end of their life, which includes their loved on es as well. A specificRead MoreEthics Vs. Kantian Ethics1249 Words   |  5 Pagesmaking. Two prominent ethical theories that arose were utilitarianism and deontological ethics. Both ethical theories developed to establish and justify a set of different moral rules and principles. Utilitarianism, otherwise known as consequentialism, is an ethical theory that sees the best moral decision is one that maximizes utility, which implies that no moral decision is intrinsically right or wrong. Deontological ethics or Kantian ethics is a normative ethical theory that judges the moralityRead MoreThe Similarities and Differences Between Different Ethical Theories651 Words   |  3 PagesDifferences in Ethics: The main aim of any ethical theory is to do what is right and good since it involves moral rules or acting based on specific ethical values. In certain cases, the right and good as well as the ethical rules and values are sometimes common to various ethical theories. Even though ethical theories have different reasons for application, there is an overlap in these theories that result in similar conduct in an ethical situation. There are various ethical theories with differencesRead MoreResolving Bioethical Issues Is No Easy Task1442 Words   |  6 Pagesis no easy task. Depending on which ethical decision-making approach is employed, an individual can arrive at different moral conclusions. However, whether an approach is monistic or pluralistic, all approaches stem from principlism. Principlism is an approach often used within bioethics that â€Å"appeals to general principles or rules to arrive at a more specific moral conclusion through some form of inference† (Tomlinson 1 ). While principles are important in ethical reasoning, they are just one methodRead MoreUtilitarianism And Kantian Ethics Analysis786 Words   |  4 Pagesby ethical theories we adhere to. Utilitarianism and Kantian ethics are two systems that provide a way to approach life decisions, big and small. Utilitarianism, nicknamed â€Å"The Greatest Happiness† states that the ethical choice is the choice that yields the greatest amount of happiness for the greatest amount of people. Kantian ethics, also called duty ethics, explains that for any action, people must act according to common principles, with no significance placed on the outcome. The ethical theoriesRead MoreEthics And Morals Of Social Work Practice1068 Words   |  5 PagesTopic: Ethics and Morals of Social Work Practice. Our everyday interactions are underpinned by ethics. Social work in its sectors deals with people in multiple and complex situations. Social workers largely work with people that are affected by different life aspects such as ethnicity, disabilities and culture. The fundamental concern for social work is to understand how these aspects affect the individuals. Applying normative ethical theory, processes of ethical analysis. Virtue ethics concernedRead MoreEssay about Eth 316 Week 1764 Words   |  4 PagesUtilitarianism, deontological, and virtue theory ethics are three normative approaches to ethics. This paper will go over the similarities and differences between virtue theory, utilitarianism, and deontological principles. It will include information of the variations in how each concept details ethics, morality, and it will also discuss a personal experience to describe the correlation between virtue, values, and moral perceptions as they relate to one of the three theories. Similarities and Differences

Chores vs. Allowance Free Essays

Great dinner, delicious,† I say getting up with my plate. Everybody agreed as my family all got up and put their plates on the counter. My step mom also grabbed the pots and pans and stacked them on top of the plates. We will write a custom essay sample on Chores vs. Allowance or any similar topic only for you Order Now The whole counter is eventually covered with all different types of dishes. Alright now try to guess who get to wash, scrub and clean all these dishes all by themselves, me. Every time we eat, I’m responsible for dishes, the toughest Job in the house after we eat. It’s Just me, soap, a sponge, and an army of pots and pans for 45 minutes to an hour and 15 minutes. Then Just when I think I’m done the reinforcements come in and they need to washed and scrubbed to the point of spotless. I’m in the zone though washing dish by dish so that the attack force is very low on numbers and that I’m almost done. Now it’s time for my reward, a pat on the back, and a ,†Good Job,† from my dad, nothing else, no money. Many kids, like the one above have to do chores around the house and don’t get an allowance because their parents think these chores should be mandatory. Having to do chores for no reward does not motivate the child to the work they have to do. If the child was paid a few bucks a week, the child would be more motivated to take on the responsibility of doing chores that he/she will get paid a couple of bucks for. A small cash allowance for doing a certain amount of chores would also teach the child to handle money that there working for. I believe that a weekly allowance would teach kids responsibility, and that they would work for things not expect them to be given to them, the child would also learn how to handle money more maturely. One reason why kids should get a weekly allowance for doing chores is that it teaches kids he responsibility to work for things. If your parents do everything for you, you won’t take on any responsibility, which wouldn’t help you in the long run when you move out of your parents’ house. According to one article, â€Å"If kids have to work for their money, they also will understand and hopefully appreciate how hard it is to work and earn money,† (www. online. ws]. com). This is saying that getting paid for doing chores teaches the responsibility of working for your own money, and that money doesn’t come easy. Also according to another article, â€Å"Chores teach life skills, cooperation, nd responsibility,† (www. parenttoolshop. com). This quote says that chores teach responsibility, and that kids should work for things. Although some parents might say that chores should be mandatory, because the parents take care of you, an allowance would excite kids to help and get them doing chores, rather than being forced to do something the child will argue about. A reward would also teach the child to do a Job well but it would take longer than to do the chore quick but not do it well because there not excited to do it. The reward also helps to motivate the child into doing hores so they can help but they’ll still get a couple of bucks. Overall an allowance for doing chores has the potential to teach kids responsibility. Another reason why a weekly allowance for doing chores is a good idea is because kids would learn to handle money more maturely and to not waste it on stupid stutt It the child got money the child would learn to save their money so that when they get older the child won’t be shop crazy and spend money at every opportunity. According to one source, â€Å"The goal of an allowance is to reinforce the lesson to kids that all money is imited and that kids will be best if they put thought into how they use it. (www. oprah. com). This says that getting money for chores will teach the child a lot about money and how to use it. If the kid learns this from an early age it will help them when they get older and are faced with tougher decisions on what they should buy. Another source also states that, â€Å"Allowances can teach money management skills; how to earn, budget and priorities purchases,† (www. parenttoolshop. com). This says that having money will teach skills that can only be taught by having money. Although some parents think that the child will waste the allowance money, then ask for more money to get something, the child will be told that since he/she is getting an allowance, he/she can’t ask for more money when they run out, which will teach the child how to save and spend his/her own money that they earned. Overall an allowance for doing chores has the chance of teaching kids money management skills that children will need when they get older. Although I believe that an allowance for chores is a very good idea I do understand some of the points against my argument are legitimate reasons. Some parents might say that an allowance for chores will have children doing everything for money, not Just wanting to help out. However the parents should split the chores into two groups. I do agree that the child should be responsible for doing everyday chores, so that those chores will be group 1. The group one chores are mandatory and the child does not get paid for doing them. Group 2 would have chores that are more difficult, but if done properly the child would get a reward. The reward comes at the end of the week only if the child completed a certain amount of chores agreed upon by that family. How to cite Chores vs. Allowance, Papers

Life Cycle of Project Management-.com

Questions: 1.Define what a Methodology is and the role it serves in Project Management. 2.Familiarise yourselves with the various Methodologies. Choose two Methodologies from this list to Compare and Contrast, analysing the similarities and differences between them both. 3.Finally, identify how your chosen Methodologies and processes relate to the Project Life Cycle (PLC). Answers: 1.Methodology its role in Project Management Methodology is a set of principles and processes which makes the execution of project easier with less risk of schedule and cost overrun. Project management methodology helps in improving the consistency of project, provide flexibility to its processes, producing better results and predict the risks well in advance. The pre-set methodologies help in providing clear and well-set information regarding roles and responsibilities to the team members and in turn it provides satisfaction to stakeholders for all the projects(Goff, 2013). It is an approach of repeated use of various proven processes in project management (PM). Project management can get better results by having the flexibility of taking decisions among the few proven methods, improving the governance of the project, increasing the success chances, eliminating the chances of getting failure, reducing the rework and increasing the productivity and all these requirements could be made available by the use of PM Mythologies(Victoria, 2013). 2.Methodologies There are various kinds of approaches or techniques or methodologies of conducting the project management activities by its team members which can make the project processes more convenient, economical and beneficial. Various methodologies are Waterfall, it is the traditional form of project management where the stages or the activities involved are tightly interlinked that any successor cannot start until the finish of the predecessor stages of activity, the Agile is the approach where continuous teamwork and its inputs are required for the project execution(Wrike, 2017). Other methodologies are SDLC are the traditional approaches which were being adopted for execution of the project (Thomas, 2007), PRINCE2, where the assessment is done at every stages and the project board members takes the driver seat and manager acts for the daily coordination, Six Sigma, where all the deliverables are produced with a target of 99.99966% defect free, Scrum, where the removing the barriers of the project remains the main target of members, PRiSM, is the approach of executing the project efficiently and reducing the environment footprint due to the project activities, Lean, where the main target of the members are to analyze and find the way of executing the project in easiest way without wasting many resources, Critical Path Method where the shortest period of executing the project is the main approach by assigning extra resources wherever needed and many more such approaches are developed, but the choice of particular type is the main role of the Project Manager because each methodology is useful for particular type of project only. Now let us discuss the similarities, differences between Waterfall and Agile models of PM Methodologies: Waterfall: Useful for the projects where scope is very clear from the beginning of the project stages Advantageous for the projects with limited resources and financial large sized Disadvantageous for the projects where its scope change is dynamic Agile: Useful for the projects where scope is not clear and is always allowed going under changes Advantageous for the projects depends on peoples feedback like marketing, IT etc. Disadvantageous for the projects with limited financial arrangements and time The major similarity is that both the models act with the approach to deliver the best quality product in very effective and efficient manner. 3.Methodologies related to project life cycle Project life cycle is consisting of four stages which are sequential and inter linked to each other to complete the whole project. The four phases are Initiation, Planning, Execution and Closeout(University, 2015). The methodology brings the stakeholders expectation in same direction so the stakeholder management system becomes easier, recruiting the desired competency level of people becomes simpler due to pre-set criteria in the methodologies and in this manner the PM Methodologies becomes the main part of Initiation process(Tech., 2013). Next stage is Planning where the activities like development of scope of project with less available information, assessing the project risk more accurately, developing activity planning more accurately, developing the project budget with very limited variations, preparation of communication plan etc. can be made easier using PM Methodologies, likewise the activities of Execution, development of teams by providing proper training, conducting vendo r selection for procurement are again can be done very much effectively by using the PM Methodologies. Even in Closing stage too the activities like acceptance of deliverables, document lessons learnt in proper format are the task could be made accurate by using PM Methodologies. So the PM Methodologies are very much important to be followed throughout the project life cycle to make it easier, profitable and satisfy all stakeholders expectations. References Goff, S. (2013). What Is a PM Methology? Retrieved August 10, 2017, from International Project Management Association: https://www.ipma.world/assets/PMMethods.pdf Tech., V. (2013). Project Management Methodology / Life Cycle Overview. Retrieved August 10, 2017, from itplanning.org.vt.edu: https://www.itplanning.org.vt.edu/pm/methodology.html Thomas, F. (2007). Integration of the project management life cycle (PMLC) and the systems development life cycle (SDLC) in accelerated project efforts. Retrieved August 10, 2017, from pmi.org: https://www.pmi.org/learning/library/integration-pmlc-sdlc-7262 University, B. S. (2015, February 5). Project Management Office. Retrieved August 10, 2017, from bridgew.edu: https://my.bridgew.edu/departments/ITProjectManagementOffice/Shared%20Documents/Project%20Management%20Methodology%20v15.pdf Victoria, S. G. (2013, July 1). Selecting a project management methodology. Retrieved August 10, 2017, from enterprisesolutions.vic.gov.au: https://www.enterprisesolutions.vic.gov.au/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/PM-GUIDE-01-Project-management-methodology-selection-guideline.pdf Wrike. (2017). The Beginners Guide to Project Management Methodologies. Retrieved August 10, 2017, from Wrike: https://www.wrike.com/download/the_beginners_guide_to_project_management_methodologies.pdf

Affirmative Action And Ethics Essays - Social Inequality

Affirmative Action And Ethics "Treating people differently because of the color of their skin used to be called discrimination, but today it's called affirmative action" (Amselle 177). Affirmative action today, is considered to be one of the most controversial dilemma facing our equal status of individual rights. As we all know, affirmative action was implemented with the idea and hope that America would finally become truly equal. So far, it has lasted for thirty years and had not solved any of our current problems concerning equal rights ? it made things worse. It was created with the intention of using reverse discrimination to solve the problem of discrimination. In that, minority groups are being chosen over the qualifications of other workers. This intention creates a mainstream of problems. Some find it very unfair in using its practices, some find it very helpful. The portion of the group that stands with affirmative action, are usually in a situation in which they actually benefited from it. They have their reasons as to why they support the action. Based on the general public as to why they acknowledge affirmative action is usually based of the fact that it establishes a situation where equal opportunity is distributed among minorities for jobs. Prior to affirmative action ? city, state, and government jobs were almost completely closed off to minorities and women. In our present day, minorities and women have gained a tremendous increase in the application of jobs in those workplaces. Unlike the days before affirmative action, where job opportunity was mostly given to the Americans, now jobs are being given to minorities and women due to the quota system. Suppose that a American male and a minority (Hispanic, Afro-American, woman, etc.) are applying for the same job, the American male is much more qualified than the minority, there! fore, logically, the American should be hired. Due to the quota system, the company, in order to meet that quota, must hire the minority. Which is for the better, because, in that sense, were are slowly but surely making some advancements in solving the problem of racial inequality in America's workplace. Affirmative action is also very influential in the educational system. Minority students who before never had a chance in being accepted into a decent college, are now being accepted. They are given the chance to prove that, with the help of affirmative action, they could, in turn, get more education and end up with a decent job after graduating. All hopes are to end racism in school campuses, to have diversity between students. The constitution says that we the people of the United States of America are all created equal. Therefore, since that we are all equal, shouldn't we all have the same opportunity as everyone else. Equal opportunity is achieved when people of lower standards in life are given chances to succeed in life. To start to achieve a better life, one must have proper education, because education is the key to our future. Therefore, though education, minorities must be given the chance to get a good start at securing their future. Critics of affirmative action argue that this quota is unfair. White males are being forced to pay a price that their ancestors have done wrong in the past. Knowingly that it was a long time ago, and that now, it is a dawn of a new era. White males should not be given this burden of something that their ancestors have done. While the minorities enjoy the benefits such as jobs and education. Especially, to give favor to males or to females, to whites, to blacks or to persons of any color because of their sex or color is morally wrong because doing so is intrinsically unfair. Color, nationality, sex are not attributes that entitle anyone to more (or less) of the good thing of life, or to any special favor (or disfavor). When in the past whites or males did receive such preference that was deeply wrong; it is no less wrong when the colors or sexes are reversed. (Cohen 183) In the workplace, critics argue that because of affirmative action, now they are being treated unequally. Jobs in which they are more likely to succeed in are, instead, being passed down to less qualified minorities. Not only does this affect the potential white employees, but the employer also has to suffer this condition. Employers are being asked to hire less qualified worker and sometimes for more money too. In concern with education, instead of the white males being accepted

Critical Thinking Essay Tips

Critical Thinking Essay Tips Writing a critical thinking essay is not the process of criticizing a person, piece of work, concept or opinion. It is rather your individual evaluation or response to a certain issue. For example, before you are to compose a critical thinking essay after reading a book, you will need to conduct a dialogue with the author and give an estimation of his work from your personal point of view. Thus, the critical thinking essay turns into an analytically written assignment and demands not only perfect writing and analysis skills, but critical thinking as well. You will need to express your own thoughts about a work of art, theory, phenomena, etc. and not simply state whether you have liked it or not. In addition, you must provide clear evidence supporting your point-of-view. Besides, it is important not to persuade the audience with your viewpoint. The angle from which you are looking at the topic is subjective, so the reader is free either to reject or accept your point-of-view. In-depth consideration and careful analysis are the compulsory elements for composing a good critical thinking essay. They should influence all the structural components of the paper, including the introduction, main body, and conclusion. In the first part, you will need to familiarize the reader with the essay topic – be it a film, picture, or book – and highlight the author’s attitude towards it. For instance, if you are composing an essay on a certain book character, you will need to mention the writer’s treatment – whether the character finds favor in the author’s eyes. The main body of such a critical thinking essay will include your personal attitude towards the character, based on sayings and actions, and testified to the maximum degree (with the help of citations, lay figures etc.). Do not simply retell the book’s fable, but provide clear reasons and evidence of a certain opinion. Furthermore, the conclusion will summarize all expressed in the essay. As a rule, critical thinking essays are aimed at academic purposes; they are sometimes even read aloud before a group of classmates. If you feel this is right, your teacher may ask you to present your piece of writing. This would be useful for arranging preparation measures. Read the essay to your parents, your friends or even your pet, just to ensure the text does not sound awkward. Do not be too judgmental and categorical while completing a critical thinking essay; always remember that every object has both heads and tails, and your point of view is not universal in the majority of cases. Be tolerant and give opportunities for opposing viewpoints. Do you need professional critical thinking essay help from experts? Just visit CustomWritings.com.

Diversity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 2

Diversity - Essay Example People who are extroverts and like to experiment with different things are fond of diversity. They like to interact with people from different cultures, understand their unique norms and values, and make friends with them. Many even go to the extent of marrying across cultures where they not only have to put up with the diversity of cultures, but also the diversity of races in terms of their mixed race children. However, good-natured as these people are, they know how to draw a balance between the two cultures and make a happy living. On the other hand, there are people who are negatively affected by diversity of race and culture. These people are chauvinists and fanatics by nature. They like to have only people of their own race and culture around them, whether it is their neighborhood or their workplace. They tend to draw a line between themselves and people from other races and cultures, considering themselves superior to others. They do not let others cross that line with them bu t often cross it themselves only to insult others in some way e.g. racism, bullying etcetera. Such opponents of diversity tend to have dysfunctional conflicts with their peers from other races and cultures in the workplace also, thus making it difficult for the immigrants and foreign workers to settle down in their country. Such people also have a tendency of making groups and run campaigns against the foreigners informally on such grounds as culture and religion. The way diversity affects an individual is fundamentally related to the impression of diversity in the eyes of that individual. Diversity affects me in many positive ways. I am a sort of person who is very welcoming toward new ideas, things, and aspects. I feel blessed to have been born in an age when there is so much diversity around me. I like to meet with people from different cultures and races. I am fascinated by the variety of ways in which they interact with one another, their unique cultures, styles of living, cuis ines, norms, values, trends, and traditions. I like to put in this effort to understand them and make myself understood to them so that we form positive impressions of each other. Diversity, to me, is a way of understanding God. I am overwhelmed with joy to think and realize how diverse God has created this world. There are people of different shades of brown and white, and each color is so beautiful and admirable. People can be identified with their origin just from their facial features which is great. Out of my love for diversity, I have started learning Arabic language, though I have to go a long way for that. I am fascinated by Indian weddings in particular. They are so different from our weddings. While our brides dress in white traditionally, Indian brides dress in all sorts of vibrant colors and exotic designs. I like dancing to Bollywood songs with my friends occasionally. I have many friends from different countries. I enjoy interacting with them and like the way they try to speak English in their native accents. It gives me pleasure to help them find the right word to express their emotions and meanings as they speak. I particularly like Chinese cuisine a lot. I ask my Chinese friend for the favor of cooking a Chinese recipe on my birthday and present it to me as a gift. I also cook something from my cuisine and gift

Develop Creative Listening and Linguistic Communication Skills of the Dissertation

Develop Creative Listening and Linguistic Communication Skills of the Second Language Learners - Dissertation Example This dissertation attempts to take the concept of creative listening to task as a development method to assist Second Language Learners in developing creative listening and linguistic communication skills. Second Language Learners are a language minority in such English speaking countries as the United States and the United Kingdom. Inculcating literacy among these learners is a present-day critical challenge since English literacy is essential to their academic achievement, and to educational and economic opportunities beyond schooling. Given the phenomenon that minority learners are increasing owing to immigration and birth rate conditions, there is the added fact that without English literacy, this language minority group will not fare well in school achievement.. Already, statistics show that 51 percent of minority learners do not finish high school compared with only 10 percent of English speaking learners who do not complete secondary education. (National Center for Educational Statistics). Meanwhile, listening skills belong to the unattended self-improvement skills being developed in schools. While much training is given to reading, writing, arithmetic and science, the listening part of the communication process is bypassed or presumed to be virtually learned. Research studies, however, makes a revelation, namely that untrained listeners are very low— lower than 50 percent—on proficiency in learning. ... While much training is given to reading, writing, arithmetic and science, the listening part of the communication process is bypassed or presumed to be virtually learned. Research studies, however, makes a revelation, namely that untrained listeners are very low— lower than 50 percent—on proficiency in learning. This should not be surprising since various studies also state that people, including school learners, may spend 45 to over 50 percent of their communication time in the listening act. It appears most timely and important therefore that the educational system should give adequate attention to the improvement of listening skills among learners. This dissertation makes two assumptions: 1. Creative listening and linguistic communication skills can be developed along the new paradigm of multiple intelligence learning, and 2. A program patterned along multi-intelligence activities can be devised to respond to the need to develop creative listening and linguistic comm unication skills. Creative Listening Skills To focus on the listening act itself, it is necessary to remove the misconception that hearing and listening are the same. At times, we may have heard someone complaining, â€Å"I hear you, please don’t shout at me.† This is to recognize the physiological process that occurs when sound is received by man’s hearing apparatus. People may hear, however, but they may not be listening in the sense of recognizing the meaning of those sounds, such as the internal anger or anguish expressed by the speaker. Developing listening for meaning is therefore a must. Developing listening to create constructive ideas and action, such as behavioral change, can therefore be very beneficial to society, inclusive of social relationships

Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 6

Report - Essay Example Additionally, health education is offered to health care workers and patients so that treatment and care is offered appropriately for quick recovery. Health education will also facilitate in developing trust with physicians and treatments offered. Table of Contents Table of Contents 3 1. Introduction and Rationale for the Study 5 2. Doppler Assessment - Background Information Regarding Doppler 6 2.1 Evidence in Support 6 6 2.2 Potential Disadvantages 7 7 2.3 Barriers to Implementation 7 3. Underpinning Policy 8 3.1 RCN 8 3.2 SIGN 8 3.3 CREST 9 3.4 Local Trust Policies 9 9 4. Health Education 10 4.1 Implications for the Patient 10 10 4.2 Secondary Intervention as Aids Treatment Decisions, How? 10 10 4.3 Implications for the Trust 10 5. Conclusions 11 5.1 Effective in Aiding Diagnosis 11 5.2 Limitations if used in Isolation 11 5.3 Risk of Misinterpretation 11 5.4 Referral for Vascular Assessment 12 6. Recommendations 12 6.1 Continue to use Doppler 12 6.2 Use in Conjunction with Leg Ulc er Assessment Tool 13 6.3 Ensure Programme of Education is Available for Staff 13 6.4 Ensure Patients Are Educated With Regard To Symptoms and When to Have Doppler Assessment 13 References 15 Bibliography 20 1. Introduction and Rationale for the Study Mrs. P has a wound in her legs for 4 weeks and there was no sign of heal with normal medication and care. On diagnosis by a vascular surgeon, it is identified that Mrs. P has leg ulceration. Moreover, Mrs. P should undertake other assessments with the intention of determining the type of leg ulcer and the factors accountable for this disease. The common health related problem amid the general population is leg ulcers. Leg ulcers are usually identified as wounds in the lower part of the legs. People with poor blood circulation or inappropriate working valves in the veins are the ones affected with leg ulcers. This disease is common in the adult population with age above 65 years. This disease is caused mainly due to certain factors incl uding obesity, smoking and diabetes. The disease takes a longer time to heal due to pathogenic factors in the infected area. Clinically it is identified that there are two types of leg ulcers, which include arterial ulcers and venous ulcers. Venous ulcers are common in leg ulceration. Venous ulcers are found in 1.2-3.2 rate of per 1000 people, which implies that around 70,000 to 190,000 people in the UK are suffering from this disease. The disease is required to be treated in an appropriate manner to minimise the risks associated with deteriorating wound conditions, harming the patients and delay in healing procedures (Posnett, 2008; Rippon & et. al., 2007). The common causes of leg ulcers are venous insufficiency, arterial occlusion, microcirculatory disorders, physical or chemical injury, infectious diseases, vasculitis, neuropathic diseases and haematological disorders among others. Heath care workers offering care and treatment to people with this disease must have adequate know ledge in relation to clinical picture, diagnostic possibilities, pathogenesis and treatment modalities about the causes of leg ulcers. Leg ulcers should be identified and treated suitably in its initial stage as later the risks increases leading to morbidity as along with impaired life quality. Additionally, cost of treatment and care in the initial stage is economical, but in the later stage of this disease cost has shown a considerable amount of rise of around ?200 million and $1 billion on an annual basis in the United Kingdom (UK) and United

Primary Education In The UK And Spain

Primary Education In The UK And Spain Primary Education is an important topic to be discussed and analysed, since it is the basis of our societys formation, being thus decisive for our childrens future. This essay is entitled Primary Education in the U.K. and Spain: a comparison and it focuses on explaining some of the main matters concerning both systems. It is first of all focused on explaining some topics related to primary education in the United Kingdom including two paragraphs. The first one a historical background, proves to be the base of todays structure which may help us clarify todays structure, which the topic of the second paragraph. This is followed by two clone paragraphs applied to Spanish primary education. The last two paragraphs concentrate on the use and importance of ICT in primary education in both systems. The essay is concluded establishing an overall comparison between both systems. According to Denis Haye in his book Primary Education: the Key Concepts, British primary education and its structure find its roots deep in history, in the middle ages. It has been stated by some historians that English education began in AD 597 with the establishment of the cathedral of Canterbury by St Augustine. In the end of the seventeenth century education belonged to the church which promoted Christian knowledge, by creating its own schools. At the same time there were pioneers such as Robert Raikes, Charles Gordon and the welsh Charles of Bala, who believed in a connection between social action and education. The first publicly funded schools appeared in the mid-nineteenth century and aimed to offer Christian education to poor children. From this time on, the control of education starts switching little by little from the church to the state. Furthermore, between 1846 and 1848 in Wales, the Welsh Education Committee and the Cambrian Society both evolving into national schools , were formed. In the nineteenth century it is important to highlight the education act of 1872, since it lead to many advances in primary education, not only affecting the labouring classes as was happening in other parts of the country. The 1944s education act was decisive because from this time on, education was free of charge and relied on voluntary provision. It is known by the introduction of three kinds of schools: grammar schools, modern schools and Technical schools. The year 1988, saw the introduction of the nation curriculum including a selection of subjects such as maths, science English and religious education. From 2010, teaching foreign languages is also a compulsory part of the curriculum. In order to explain the base of todays primary education in the UK, it is necessary to go back to the twentieth century, when there were many important changes in primary education. Among these, stands out the introduction of the national curriculum in English mainstream schools. In this author words, during the twentieth century, it was also thought to be decisive an agreement about the need for a general education for children up to the age of 11, this being followed by a subject-specific teaching up to the age of 16 and a selection of specialist subjects thereafter. Due to the national curriculum, from the beginning of the 21st century most primary schools in the UK currently accept children from 5 to 11 years old. As Denis states, there is also a tiny number of schools designated deemed middle (ages 8 to 12 or 9 to 13) and first when they educate children from 5 to 8 or 9. To explain todays structure it is also important to focus on the types of schools that can currently be found in the UK. As the Department of Education reports, they can be divided into 3 main groups: mainstream state schools, specialist schools, state schools with particular characteristics and independent schools. To the first group belong Community schools, which are often run by a local authority and aim to develop strong links with the local community, providing services  like childcare and adult learning classes. Trust schools as well as Voluntary-controlled and voluntary-aided schools are owed by a charitable foundation, which employs the staff and sets the admissions criteria. Academies, faith schools, city technology colleges, community and foundation special schools, grammar schools and maintained boarding schools can be found in the second group. The third group is formed by Independent schools which have their own admission policies and curriculum. Spanish primary education, as the rest of the developed nations, it finds its roots in the XIX century. Many factors can be identified as those which influenced the rise during this century of specifically educative establishments aiming to reach a growing proportion of the population. The Apparition of the national states is indeed the most notorious factor, since it puts the Old Regime to an end while at the same time instruction is seen as a mean reinforcing its unity. Thus, education is considered to be from this time on, a public affair that has to be organised and controlled by the state which regulates its legal and administrative processes. To understand the current Spanish primary education, it is important to focus on three relevant education laws, well-known for their impact on the system. The commonly referred as the Moyano Law was decreed in 1857 in a context of socio-economic crisis, This law consisted on a legislative initiative carried out by the politician Carlos Moy ano whose main aim was to improve the deplorable condition of education at that time, decreasing thus the analphabetism average in the country. Education was divided in two stages: elementary (6-12 years old) and superior (9-12). Primary education was compulsory until the age of 12 and free of charge for those who could not afford it. According to the web page State Univeristy.com, it also marked the foundation of privet schools in Spain at that time owned by the Catholic Church. Just one year after the 1944s British education act, the 1945s law was decreed in the historical context of post-war and in the ideological context of national Catholicism. Its main objective was to orientate the student in accordance with their aptitudes to the working life. Born in the context of democracy, the 1990s law of education aimed to impart an equal instruction in order to allow pupils to acquire basic cultural elements, to wit: oral expression, reading, writing and arithmetic calculi. It divided education into tree periods: the first stage (from6 to 8 years old), second (8-10) and third (10-12). To explain the structure of todays primary education in Spain, it is important to go back to the year 2006, when the fundamental law of education also known as LOE or Ley Organica de Educacià ³n was decreed. This law established a compulsory education from 6 to 16 year-old children. While in the UK children start their primary education at the age of 5, Spanish children start going to school at the age of 6. Also it is important to mention that most pupils attend pre-schools from 3 to 5 years of age. Most of these nursery schools in most cases belong to the same centre of education. According to the famous online encyclopedia known as Wikipedia, primary education in Spain can be divided into three cycles: the first cycle includes pupils from 6 to 7 years of age, the second 8-9 and the third 10 to 11. Focusing on the Spanish national curriculum, compulsory subjects are: Spanish language and Literature, Art, Mathematics, Physical Education, Natural and social sciences both included in a subject called Conocimiento Del Medio and English or French. Many state schools have an agreement with the British Council making the study of English compulsory from the age of 6. Although in the United Kingdom there a several types of schools, in Spain most of them can be grosso modo divided into three groups: public or state schools, privet schools or semi-privet schools also referred in Spanish as concertado schools. As happens in the UK, state schools are funded by the government and therefore they are free for those living in the country. These cannot be freely selected, as the children are allocated the closest school to their home. According to Maurice Hamlin in his web page practicalspain.com, semi-privet or concertado schools are similar to the Britishs grant maintained schools since they receive subsidies by the government being education thus, provided free of charge. Most of them are run by a religious order e.g. the Salesians of Don Bosco, and pupils usually wear un iforms. Privet and International schools in Spain are becoming more popular. According to the Article Living and Working in Spain they provide a more relaxed environment offering a wider range of subjects and an international approach. Another important aspect to be analysed, is the use of the information and communication technologies in British and Spanish Schools. According to the British Department of Education, information and communication technologies (ICT) in schools can improve the quality of teaching, learning and management in schools and so help raise standards. In order to evaluate the use of ITC in primary schools The Education and Training inspectorate published in 2002 a report in which some of the main strengths of the use of new technologies are highlighted. As this report states, integrating the ICT in the national curriculum supports both teaching and learning. The quality of planning for ICT is proved to be satisfactory or better in 70 % of the schools inspected and in most schools the quality of teaching and pupils experiences are proved to be satisfactory, including a wide range of ICT applications among which stands out the use of word processing. Learning to use Microsoft Words spell check, digital cameras, create an maintain a web page, sending a forwarding e-mails, burning a cd, as well as learning how to control multi-media and database software are indeed but a few other applications in schools. As this study proves, ICT has also a very positive reaction on children by increasing their motivation towards learning in general; as the report states children have high levels of interest and enthusiasm in their work in ICT being motivated by the inclusion of ICT in their lessons. It is a fact that there are an increasing number of schools that are incorporating ICT not only as a subject in the national curriculum but as a way to make the other lessons lighter and more amusing to children. According to an article written by Sophie Borland and published in the newspaper The Daily Mail there are even some schools in the UK who have decided to turn a P.E. lesson into a Wii class in order to motivate and boost their enthusiasm for sport. To do this, Borland says, the newly approved by Department of Health Wifit Plus is used in the class involving a variety of fineness activities. Even though this article received very positive reviews there are some people like the spokesman of the Department of Children, Schools and Families who states there is always a place for innovative exercises if they do not replace traditional ones. Another school in the UK, according to the education editor Graeme Paton, is to include the use of the so-called social network Twitter as pa rt of their curriculum. All children, the author states, will be taught how to use webcams, podcasts as well as blogs. Pupils in this school will be expected develop an understanding of different ways to communicate online. Improving keyboard skills, using websites such as the online dictionary Wikipedia and learning how to employ spell-checkers will also form part of the biggest overhaul of lessons for 20 years. As happens in the United Kingdom, Spanish new generation of children are marked by the information and communication technologies which are gaining each year a greater importance in the education policy. The inclusion of the ICT in Spanish education system finds its roots in the European initiative e-Europe which motivated the creation of the Special committee of study for the Development of the Information Society in Spain (CDSI) by the Ministry of Science and Technology. Some of the conclusion of the CDSI can be applied to education. According to this committee the use of the new technologies should be present in all subjects as part of the national curriculum and in the relationship between teachers and pupils and all the members of the educative community. The presence of ICT in Spanish primary schools can be clearly perceived in the autonomous community Extremadura which is considered to be a pioneer in this field. According to the secretary of ICT in the education polity of the autonomous government of Extremadura Junta de Extremadura, this region started the project of including the information and communication technologies in education in the year 1999, when the Strategic Plan for the development of technology in society was presented and the educational sector was considered to be the main pillar of that development. This moment marks the appearance of ICT in Extremaduran classrooms. What is probably the most outstanding fact is that, this region decided to develop free software equally configurable and adaptable. A new operative system called gnu/LinEx which would offer an enormous variety of applications in order to fulfill the necessities of all kind of users and a great diversity of tools for its use inside the classroom. Furthermore, in the academic year 2002/2003, an initiative was carried out in all Extremaduran high schools which consisted on transforming regular classrooms into technological classrooms by introducing a computer for each two s tudents. Also, todays schools in the region have at least one electronic blackboard, together with a projector, a computer and an interactive pad. The creation of the specific operative system LinEx must be adapted to a didactic and pedagogical extent. This is why a new variation of this operative system has been installed in all the schools of Extremadura. According to the autonomous communitys government LinEx Schools as it is called, offers the pupil an friendly and motivating environment adapted to their intellectual development. Together with LinEx, it is important to highlight the development of the educative platform Rayuela. As if it was a social network, this platform is an advanced system of information that allows a real-time communication between teachers and parents by using the Internet. It also has a database with allows all Extremenian students to have a single Digital Academic Record until they finish high school. Thus, teachers are able to access all the informatio n about the educative course of their pupils (calcifications, assistance and observances) in order to offer them an individualized treatment. To conclude this essay, I must say that as both educational systems belong to a globalised world and concretely to the European Union, they share indeed some similitudes and the two last paragraphs are an example of this statement. Among other minor differences British primary education probably differs from the Spanish one in what in my opinion, is its main strength: the diversity of schools offered which allows parents to have a greater choice. 2.500 words.

Beauty of God and the Holy Cross Essay -- essays research papers

Suppose that you were standing by a beach at sunset and you become deeply moved and utter the words, "This is beautiful, this is glorious." You are ultimately pleased by a feeling that we as a culture refer to this response as, beauty. A feeling that possesses an enormous power to touch us deeply while holding a tremendous potential to grip and transform us. For beauty stirs and satisfies our deepest longings as well as attracting us, provoking our adoration, and inviting us to adorn ourselves with its luster. Indeed, our society naturally celebrates beauty automatically through experiences that arouse affections for that which we find attractive. But what is it that poses us to allow us to obtain such a feeling? The reason for this, I think, is that there is in every person a God given sense that beauty must have meaning that is larger and more enduring than short felt satisfaction. That this urge for ultimate meaning is evidence of God’s creation of beauty. Therefore, if God has created all things and has given everything its form and its purpose, then I define beauty as a relation to God. For to know God is know beauty, to know beauty is to know God. Just as God is the source of all truth and goodness, God is also the source of all beauty. God is the Supreme Artist – the Creator of all. Thus, everything that is beautiful reflects God’s artistry. The Church Father, Hilary of Poitiers, wrote: â€Å"Surely the author of all created beauty must himself be the beauty in all beauty.† -2- Born and raised a strong Catholic, I feel God’s presence in my everyday life and I am blessed to be encompassed with this company. His power in my life allows me to unquestionably declare him as the sole individual who most ... ...s ago has opened the path to eternal life for all who believe in him. In every human sole there is a place where we yearn for beauty’s power and presence. We need beauty. We need to be overwhelmed by it and drawn into its inexplicability that arouses our desire and captivates our affections. For I believe that we all want to be moved by some rare glimpse of greatness. We long for a vision of nirvana, something that endures our soul and bring peace to our hearts. I am persuaded that the reason it is there is because God is the ultimately beautiful one and he made us to long for himself. And we can know that our desires are remnants of this urge for God because everything less than God leaves us unsatisfied. Only one vision will be sufficient for our avid hearts, the glory of God. For that we have been made, and it is for this we long, whether we know it or not. Beauty of God and the Holy Cross Essay -- essays research papers Suppose that you were standing by a beach at sunset and you become deeply moved and utter the words, "This is beautiful, this is glorious." You are ultimately pleased by a feeling that we as a culture refer to this response as, beauty. A feeling that possesses an enormous power to touch us deeply while holding a tremendous potential to grip and transform us. For beauty stirs and satisfies our deepest longings as well as attracting us, provoking our adoration, and inviting us to adorn ourselves with its luster. Indeed, our society naturally celebrates beauty automatically through experiences that arouse affections for that which we find attractive. But what is it that poses us to allow us to obtain such a feeling? The reason for this, I think, is that there is in every person a God given sense that beauty must have meaning that is larger and more enduring than short felt satisfaction. That this urge for ultimate meaning is evidence of God’s creation of beauty. Therefore, if God has created all things and has given everything its form and its purpose, then I define beauty as a relation to God. For to know God is know beauty, to know beauty is to know God. Just as God is the source of all truth and goodness, God is also the source of all beauty. God is the Supreme Artist – the Creator of all. Thus, everything that is beautiful reflects God’s artistry. The Church Father, Hilary of Poitiers, wrote: â€Å"Surely the author of all created beauty must himself be the beauty in all beauty.† -2- Born and raised a strong Catholic, I feel God’s presence in my everyday life and I am blessed to be encompassed with this company. His power in my life allows me to unquestionably declare him as the sole individual who most ... ...s ago has opened the path to eternal life for all who believe in him. In every human sole there is a place where we yearn for beauty’s power and presence. We need beauty. We need to be overwhelmed by it and drawn into its inexplicability that arouses our desire and captivates our affections. For I believe that we all want to be moved by some rare glimpse of greatness. We long for a vision of nirvana, something that endures our soul and bring peace to our hearts. I am persuaded that the reason it is there is because God is the ultimately beautiful one and he made us to long for himself. And we can know that our desires are remnants of this urge for God because everything less than God leaves us unsatisfied. Only one vision will be sufficient for our avid hearts, the glory of God. For that we have been made, and it is for this we long, whether we know it or not.

Chastity and absolute loyalty Essay

It was during the Sung dynasty, when Buddhism had been assimilated into the national philosophy of China, that its accompanying culture made its conquest, until that notorious saying â€Å"to die by starvation is a small matter, to lose one’s chastity is a great one† became a sacred commandment for the Chinese woman. It is true that this custom was never forced by law, but like many customs in China, it was made effective by the social opinion and moral force which are often much more deadly than the hands of the law. And through the admonishment of scholars who have always been leaders in Chinese social opinion, this attitude toward a woman’s chastity was elaborated and exaggerated to such a ridiculous degree that on one hand, social life between men and women became entirely forbidden, so that the only men a woman was allowed to see besides members of her family were her cousins and brothers-in-law. On the other hand, the idea of preserving one’s chastity was so exaggerated that a little girl of five or six, or even younger, would sometimes be asked, if her boy fiance should have died, â€Å"Would you remain faithful to your ‘man’ or marry again?   Ã¢â‚¬Å"Of course,† her parents would continue to say, â€Å"we would not force you not to marry again, but what a great honor you would bring to our family as well as to his if you should keep your celibacy and go to live with his parents! † The little girl, knowing nothing about life and the world, would naturally choose the path which her parents had chosen for her, thus dooming her entire life to a miserable and inhuman existence. The fear of women thirsting for power called forth men’s theories that further restricted what was meant by maternal duty and feminine virtue. Roughly, they amounted to absolute obedience of women to men, contentedness in an ignorant and limited life, and utter self-abandonment in the service of the husband’s family. This tendency reached it highest in the Sung dynasty (960-1276), when the influence of Hindu civilization had been incorporated with Chinese culture, an influence that was rather detrimental to women’s development. The greatest moral authority for the last eight hundred years, Chu Hsi (1130 -1200), interpreted the Confucian classics in such a way that an entirely new meaning was put into the Confucian ideals of womanhood. Chastity and absolute loyalty to one man was made the cardinal virtue of a woman. Everything else must be subordinated to it. According to him it was a small matter to die of starvation but a serious matter to lose one’s virtue by marrying a second time. Previous to his time, widows or divorced women marrying a second time were quite common and were recorded without any criticism. But the Sung scholars never let such a case pass without due censure. Great poetesses of the time such as Li Ch’ing-chao and Chu Shu-chen were condemned simply because they held different moral views. Orthodox Neo-Confucianists would not even read their works. In general, the woman of the Southern and Northern dynasties was frivolous though accomplished; the woman of Sung was serious and narrow. However, the ideas of womanly virtue in the Sung dynasty did rescue her from her former position of a mere pleasure-mate to man. When a girl is unfortunately born in a poor family, apart from learning household duties, she has no chance of obtaining a decent education. If, however, she is fortunate enough to be a daughter of a well-to-do man, she is taught to read and to write under a governess or even a master. She has to learn Confucian classics, poetry, embroidery, painting, and music, as well as household duties. Feet binding also divided men and women and upheld old Chinese beliefs. Foot binding kept women weak, out of power, and dominated by her husband. When women bound their feet, men could dominate more easily and not worry about women taking their power. The process took place so early, the young girl had no choice but to follow her family’s order and have her feet bound. She was uneducated and considered foot binding necessary. Also, she was seen as an object to the men, to be observed and look pretty, therefore appealing to men mattered more to the girls than their health. The girl’s life went on without having much control over it. Chinese culture in general and Chinese philosophy in particular and had produced, by its union with Confucianism, the Neo-Confucianism of the Sung dynasty, its influence upon the life of the Chinese woman was decidedly that of an unmixed evil. Two of the most deadly weapons for the oppression of a woman in China were either elaborated or had their origin in the Sung dynasty, and they have remained in power until recent times. The final destiny of the Chinese woman is always marriage. Unmarried women are almost unknown, unless the betrothed men should die before the marriage and the girls choose to become virgin widows; or when the girls renounce the world and take to the veil. The marriage is always arranged by the parents. In exceptional cases, the girl may be given a choice between two eligible young men. It is not a marriage of mutual love between the young people themselves, but one of mutual esteem and friendship between the families. The girl is not only married to the man, but she is also pledged to his family, to serve its aged, to tend its young, and to care for its various relatives. The man’s family, that is, his parents and relatives, expect a great deal from the bride; so much so that the customary dowry has become a burden to the richer parents who have a marriageable daughter. Yet they will cheerfully bear it, for they realize the importance of marriage to their daughter. For the man, marriage means the taking of a lifelong mate, the perpetuation of his family name, and the continuation of his ancestral worship. Important as it is, it is not to be compared with the case of the woman. To her, it is her one and only destiny, her completion of life, and her meaning of existence. Without marriage she has no status of her own in home or society.

History of subtitles Essay Example

History of subtitles Essay Example History of subtitles Essay History of subtitles Essay Chapter 2. Subtitling and nicknaming Subtitles Captions displayed at the underside of a film or telecasting screen that translate or transcribe the duologue or narrative. ( Ex-husband:movies in foreign linguistic communications with English captions )( hypertext transfer protocol: //www.oxforddictionaries.com ) Harmonizing to Cintas and Remael, subtitling is defined as a interlingual rendition pattern dwelling of showing a written text ( by and large on the lower portion of the screen ; Nipponese – vertically, on the right-hand side of the screen ) that endeavors to tell the duologue of the talkers, and all the dianoetic elements that appear in the image ( inserts, letters, letterings, etc ) and the information contained in the soundtrack ( vocals, voices off ) . Video games are besides covered by the field of captions, and as in the instance of movies, or Television plans, they can be intralingual ( made in the same linguistic communication as the sound ) or interlingual ( the written text is in a different linguistic communication than the sound ) History of captions The phantom of the captions is tightly connected with the birth and development of the film. The transition from soundless movies, to movies in which the duologue could be heard by the witnesss, sits at the beginning of the audio-visual interlingual renditions ( captions, nicknaming, etc. ) In the age of the soundless film, the image and the written ocular AIDSs were the lone beginnings of information for the witnesss. The action, the gestures, the dumb show of the histrions was supplemented by slides inserted between two sequences. These slides were called inter-titles , because they were denoting the rubrics of the scenes or of the sequences. As for interpreting these inter-titles, the procedure was rather simple: they would replace the original inter-title with the translated one, or, they would engage a transcriber to construe them at the same time. Then, as clip went by, and engineering advanced, inter-titles were bit by bit replaced by captions. When films were added sound, the witnesss could hear the duologues, therefore the inter-titles disappeared and new troubles arose. One of the jobs was the followers: after the phantom of sound in movies, in order to get the better of the linguistic communication job, one could do assorted versions for assorted linguistic communications, or they could utilize the dubbing procedure, procedure which was largely considered as excessively bing and complicated. That is why the captions easy became more popular ; they were well cheaper than nicknaming. Another job was/is the bilingual audience. The transcriber had, and still has, to maintain in head that some of the witnesss sing a certain movie or telecasting plan might be bilingual, significance that he can easy knock and nail the possible mistakes in the interlingual rendition and to a certain sum, even damage one’s repute. Basic rules of subtitling There are certain regulations that must be followed when doing subtitling, and of class, there are several jobs that must be overcome in order to do a proper caption. In the undermentioned lines I intend to nail several guidelines, or better said, rules, that must be taken into history when working with captions. First of all, all that can be seen on the screen needs to be translated. That includes assorted names, locations, rubrics, hoardings, etc. second of all, you should non interpret literally. As a transcriber and/or subtitler, you foremost have to follow and calculate out the secret plan so you can do the interlingual rendition every bit accurate as possible. You do non hold to interpret every word because the significance is more of import than the existent words that were spoken. Besides, you have a limited figure of characters available, so you must seek to give an accurate interlingual rendition utilizing merely a limited sum of words and in the same clip cover the significance of the duologue. A trouble in translating/subtitling is interpreting gags, wordplaies or word dramas. In these instances a transcriber needs to seek to happen an equivalent or to accommodate the certain gag or word drama so it would do sense in the Target Language and be every bit near as possible to the significance from the Source Language. Of class, the two linguistic communications may hold similar gags or wordplaies so in these instances the transcribers work is midway done. As in every interlingual rendition, captions are required to hold a high degree of consistence. That means that you must maintain the same registry, or the same measurement units etc. Furthermore, every linguistic communication has different punctuation regulations, so you must thoroughly research each language’s regulations before get downing the interlingual rendition. A subtitler must besides take into consideration the use of italics. They normally must be used for background noises, such as the Television or the wireless, for vocal rubrics and wordss, book rubrics, or words from another linguistic communication. And last but non least, a interlingual rendition is ever needed when we talk about different measuring systems, chiefly the imperial and the metric systems. One must make up ones mind when it is perfectly necessary to render the Numberss from imperial to metric system ( or frailty versa ) and when they can be left as they are in the original. Categorization of captions Due to its close relationship with engineering, the categorization of the subtitling procedure is non a fixed one, but instead an always-changing one due to the velocity rate at which engineering develops. Cintas A ; Remael ( 13-25 ) grouped captions harmonizing to 5 standards: Linguistic Time available for readying Technical Methods of projection Distribution format Linguistic parametric quantities Intralingual captions: this sort of subtitling involves a displacement from unwritten to written but corsets within the same linguistic communication. This sort of captions is made foremost of all for the deaf and the hard-of-hearing and it implies change overing the spoken duologues into written address. A alteration in colour is normally used to stipulate who is talking at the minute, or to stress a certain portion of the duologue ( words, the sarcasm of a statement, hand clappings, laughter, a knock on the door, etc ) The intralingual captions are besides made for linguistic communication acquisition intents. Reading on the screen the duologue of the characters helps the pupil to verify if they have understood decently what was spoken. For karaoke consequence For idioms of the same linguistic communication in order to get the better of the troubles posed by different speech patterns which are difficult to understand, or the spectator is non accustomed to ( e.g. The movieTrainspottinghas a strong Scots speech pattern, therefore it needs intralingual interlingual rendition ) For notices and proclamations: seen on the screen in public countries, in Stationss, airdromes, or the broadcast of intelligence so as to offer information to the viewing audiences without upseting them. Interlingual captions. They besides imply a alteration from unwritten to written, but in this state of affairs, the displacement is made besides from one linguistic communication into another For listeners For the deaf and hard-of-hearing Foreign linguistic communication acquisition intents – it is used as a didactic tool, assisting the pupils to better their lingual accomplishments, and their cognition sing the civilization and the linguistic communication of other states. Bilingual captions – this sort of subtitling is used in countries in which two linguistic communications are spoken or in international movie festivals. Time available for readying Pre-prepared captions are done before the program’s release and may be done in complete sentences or in decreased 1s ( merely what is considered relevant will be translated ) Live or real-time captions – this means that there is no clip to fix in front ( normally made by a group of professionals: an translator and a amanuensis ) . They can besides be made by a machine ( speech acknowledgment package ) but is susceptible to spelling errors and it is deemed impractical in most of the linguistic communications. Technical parametric quantities Open captions – which are projected onto the image and can non be removed or turned off Closed captions – which can be added or removed at will and can be opened with the appropriate plan ( decipherer ) Methods of projecting captions Mechanical and thermic subtitling Photochemical subtitling Optical subtitling Laser subtitling Electronic subtitling Distribution format Film Television Video, VHS Videodisk Internet In the field of captions we besides have supertitles, intertitles and fansubs. The supertitles are regarded as an equivalent of captions in the film and are called captions by many professionals. They are used in interpreting Sung words, if they are sung in a different linguistic communication. Supertitles are chiefly used in unrecorded public presentations such as the opera, conferences, in the theater, at concerts, etc. Intertitles are known to be the beginning of captions and are tightly connected with the birth of the film, as I have stated above. They were used in soundless movies and were outdated with the phantom of soundtrack. Fansubs are rather a recent signifier of subtitling and is made by fans, for fans. They are done for free and posted on the cyberspace, available for anyone, although their rightness is rather questionable, as they are non made by professionals. Dubing procedure Dub/Dubbing: To alter an bing tape or recording by adding new sound to it. [ Normally passive ] CINEMA: to replace the soundtrack of a film with one in a different linguistic communication, so that the histrions seem to be talking the other linguistic communication. ( Ex: It was an English film dubbed into German ) To do a transcript of a tape or recording ( hypertext transfer protocol: //www.macmillandictionary.com ) Dubbing is a postproduction technique which consists in replacing the original duologue of a movie or series with an orally translated version, synchronized with the scenes of the movie. Most often, the term refers to the replacing of the on-screen actors’ voices with the voices of the translators, which frequently speak another linguistic communication ( although there are instances in which, because of assorted grounds, the on-screen voices are dubbed in the same linguistic communication ) . The dubbing technique is besides used in musicals, in instance the on-screen histrion has an unsatisfactory voice, but chiefly, nicknaming is used for permuting movies from one linguistic communication into another. Dubbing is used on a big graduated table in film, telecasting, picture games, lifes and anime series that are distributed in foreign states. As everything, the procedure of dubbing has both advantages and disadvantages. One of those advantages would be that it keeps the spectator focused on the image without any intervention. Another advantage would be that it can be highly utile for kids who have yet to larn how to read, or for those who face troubles in making it. On the other manus, the first disadvantage that this procedure poses is the cost effectivity. The procedure of dubbing is manner more dearly-won than the subtitling one is. Another disadvantage is that the originality of the film/series is partly lost. Following, on the list of disadvantages the fact that if two different linguistic communications are spoken in the movie, and they are dubbed, they might make a certain grade of confusion among the viewing audiences, particularly if one of those linguistic communications is the native linguistic communication of those viewing audiences. Technology before and after the cyberspace Life was rather different before the phantom of the cyberspace. Thingss were non that easy so. You had to make everything in individual. For illustration, in order to direct mail, you had to compose a missive and travel personally to the Post Office to direct it, you really knew all your friends, they were non merely practical individuals, people that you have neer met in individual. There was no online banking, so if you wanted to direct money to person you had to travel to the bank and do so. Besides, research was made at libraries, from books, non with the aid of Google, Wikipedia, Yahoo and everything resembling these sites. When you wanted to compare two things, you had to really travel to the shop and compare them, non merely look into them online. Games were non on-line, or on the computing machine, you had to travel out and play or take hikings. If you wanted to see a film at the film, you had to travel to the film and see what films were on. As for human interaction, it was more physical, if you wanted to see person, you obviously visited them and if you wanted to speak to more than one friend at one time you had to be in the same room or topographic point. If you wanted to purchase music, once more, you had to travel to the shop as you did non hold iTunes or similar applications ; the same thing goes with the films. If you wanted to see a film at place, you either watched Television, or rented a film from the shop and watched it on a VCR. If you wanted to happen a telephone figure you had to seek it in a phone book, and to maintain in touch with the current intelligence you had to watch Television, or to wait for the newspaper. And speech production of the newspaper, if you wanted to purchase or sell something you had to put an ad in it, and hope for person to detect it and reach you. Nowadays, we use the cyberspace for about anything ; paying our measures, reassigning money from the safety of our places, reaching friends and relations, run intoing new people, purchasing music, films or any point we are in demand of, and selling points we do non necessitate any longer, we can maintain in touch with the universe intelligence more easy, we can make research more easy, as there are dozenss of information available now, etc. From the technological point of position, life is now a batch much easier since the cyberspace appeared even though it has advantages and disadvantages, as does everything. There is no such thing as merely evil or merely good. Everything has two sides. Life is easier with the cyberspace for the grounds I have stated above, the lone downside being that the usage of the cyberspace has diminished the face-to-face human interaction and physical attempt. That being said, with the development of engineering, the one time complicated procedure of subtitling was majorly simplified through the use of more and more evolved plans and package, doing a subtitler’s occupation manner easier.

Life as a Service (LaaS)...

Life as a Service (LaaS)... Do you ever get the feeling that your life is all about you and your own little world? I sometimes do, and when it happens I feel very small. Those are the moments where I think I need to travel the world or somehow make a bigger difference. But then there are moments where I understand on a deep level that my life is a contribution- and that every life is a contribution, whether human or plant or animal. In those moments there is no separation between me and the universe. Last week I managed to get outside of my small-brained thoughts for long enough to feel that magical connection, and to write a poem about it. My life changed for the better after writing this poem. People reached out to me more, congratulated me and affirmed me more, and even gave me free stuff! Here is my message My Life as a Blessing I am a host to the wind, the trees, the birds. It is my charge to care for every living creature. I hold space for the leaves to shake and shimmer. I hold space for the moon to shine, for the rain to cleanse the earth. I hold space for the sludge, the earthquakes, the fire ants. I wake up early to usher the sun to the sky. I make the bed for its setting. I pick up the litter. I pick raspberries for breakfast. Earth, do you have everything you need? Shall I put flowers in a vase by your bedside? A mint on your pillow? How may I serve you? How might I host you? Come on in. Rest your weary head. You are welcome here. ***** You, my reader, are welcome here on my site and as part of my work and life. What can I do for you? In the spirit of contribution and service, I invite you to ask yourself this question: How can I care for myself and the people and world around me? I look forward to hearing your thoughts. (For the non-techies out there, the title of this blog is a reference to cloud services such as Sales as a Service (SaaS) and Platform as a Service (PaaS). Maybe some of you geeks out there caught that!)

Club IT, Part 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Club IT, Part 2 - Essay Example Vendors will have the ability to restock for the owner at the appropriate time. In the paper, l am using the traditional systems development life cycle which â€Å"provides the user with a tentative system for experimental purposes at the earliest possible time.† (Kellen and Night, 2001, pg 51 ) Keywords: website optimization Club IT Technical Issues Club IT has done a very good renovation of its club and have in turn attracted a very good clientele to their club which is a big step. The technical aspects of club improvement include hardware and operating systems, networking, data management systems, and applications software. The lack of a good quality Internet is a big hurdle. During my observation night, l had to deal with slow Internet which was a dial up type in a cramped room. This really slowed down my research that evening and putting into consideration the type of clients that this club attracts, it needs an improvement. If the club can acquire a better type of Intern et, it would also service Club IT’s customers who mostly are Net Generation and Millennials. These customers regularly use mobile technologies such as Blackberries, PDAs, camera phones, and other wireless communication devices. Club IT should also consider having wired and secure network connections for their offices. The club owners should also consider expanding their offices and using fewer machines in their offices. The club produces its own merchandise which is displayed on its website. Although this is a good thing, they should include a shopping cart and snippet code to ensure easy location of required products. Since most of their clients shop online, this would increase traffic to their website and attract their competitor’s customers and get the niche they need to gain the competitive advantage over the rest. For the site to be secured, the user should be provided with a unique username and a password which is alphanumeric to ensure security. His password sho uld expire after a period of one month to ensure that they are not hacked easily. Relocation of ticket sales should be made so that they can also take advantage of these resources. The company’s website has limited its access to only the administrators. This has served as a shortcoming to its vendors who could play key role in developing the cost benefit of the company. By giving access to its suppliers they will be able to notice the various market changes as well as enable them to find an array of reports that provide analysis of how their products are selling. In the future, the club owners will be able to exchange information with the vendors directly ensuring that they have the competitive advantage over their competitors. Over time, this type of system enables the website owners to keep track of their individual sales and their respective curve chains. Each department should get their own portal on the website to enable accountability. The different departments should a lso be accessible to each other to make it simple to communicate with each other e.g. the accounts department accessing the staff portal to pay them. The staff should also be given unique passwords and usernames which cannot be compromised. A virtual firewall should be implemented to avoid unauthorized access. Recommended project development methodology The recommended development methodology is the linear methodology. This type of methodology divides the project into sequential phases which

Schloarship essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Married to a United States Marine Corp Disabled Veteran - Essay Example One of the main challenges faced by the families of these soldiers is relocation. Soldiers, depending on their job within the military, receive orders to move to different bases all over the country and occasionally to other countries. These orders can be given sporadically, either within a day’s, week’s, or year’s notice. When these families are moved to new and different places it puts a strain on everyone connected to the family, not just the immediate family themselves. Being moved to a new home isolates the family, for the time being, from everything they know. The family has no friends or other relatives in their new home, no one outside of their home to share a relationship with. A soldier’s wife or husband has no friends to talk with or to confide in or seek help. The children of these soldiers have to deal with attending a new and potentially frightening school and making new friends while worrying about replacing the ones they had to leave behind . Truly relocating is a scary and challenging time for these military families. One of the biggest and most difficult and stressful times for these families is the deployment process of their loved one. During deployment itself, the soldier becomes physically and geographically separated from his or her family. Regardless of whether or not the family has to relocate, the absence of the family member can be stressful. The soldier’s spouse is now acting as a single parent. He or she may have sole responsibility for maintaining the household and raising the children and accomplishing the day to day duties. The family’s financial situation may also require the spouse to take on another job or else change to a new one. If the deployed parent was a single parent, to begin with, these problems are intensified. The children may feel isolated if they are unable to communicate with their deployed parent, their only parent. They will worry about their parent’s safety. Beca use of the changed family structure, they may be experiencing inconsistent parenting, or changes in the family schedule, responsibilities and rules.

Ohio Infant mortailiy rate Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Ohio Infant mortailiy rate - Essay Example The two journal articles are â€Å"The Impact of Prenatal WIC Participation on Infant Mortality and Racial Disparities† (Khanani et al., 2010) and â€Å"Infant death among Ohio resident infants born at 32 to 41 weeks of gestation† (Donovan et al., 2010). The journal article by Khanani et al. (2010) entailed a research project that sought to assess the significance of Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children as a measure to enhance birth outcomes and reduce racial disparities in Ohio. On the other hand, the journal article by Donovan et al. (2010) entailed a research project that sought to assess the infant mortality rate of Ohio children born at 32 to 41 weeks. Apparently, the two journal articles have different research questions. The article by Donovan et al. (2010) sought to determine the gestational age-specific and the adjusted infant mortality rates for Ohio residents. The journal article by Khanani et al. (2010) sought to establish how prenatal Women, Infants, and Children services influence infant mortality rate and racial disparities in Ohio. Notably, the two articles used a retrospective cohort design to collect data. In the article by Donovan et al. (2010), the research relied on a multivariable regression analyses to collect data on all Ohio births and infant deaths from 2003-2005. In the article by Khanani et al. (2010), the research relied on data from the Ohio Department of Health, Bureau of Nutrition Services, and Department of Vital Statistics. The data collected included infant deaths, live births, and WIC prenatal participants from 2005 to 2008. The research excluded duplicate records and used a Visual Basic program to link the WIC prenatal enrollee data to the live birth data using specific data elements (Khanani et al., 2010). The research also used the infant death certificate to collect infant death data and linked the infant death records using

Organisational Behaviour Essay Example for Free

Organisational Behaviour Essay Question One. From the case study, we can learn a lot. It ranges from leadership, management, work ethics, behaviour shaping and changing to the impact of positive and negative reinforcements in organisations. Managing of creative workers, recognition of opportunities and problems, unethical strategies and tactics, team building and networking among others are aspects that can be learned from the case study (Robinsen 2000). We can also learn from the study that Godot applied an autocratic or authoritative style of leadership. He could not listen to any of his workers, he could not open any avenue of communication and consultation with his workers and could not involve the workers in decision making. All he could do was to haul insults at them instead of actively involving them in the day to day running of the restaurant. It is important to treat workers in a good way if any positive results are to be realised (Simons 2003). The first genesis to doing so is to implement ways and methods that would boost the morale of workers. Good leadership and management skills are essential to any organisation. Good work ethics and behaviour should be instilled to the workers so that they can deliver good results with very minimal supervision (Haddock 2001). Abuses and insults are not supposed to be used at the work place as they even tend to scare away sensitive customers and other business people. Leaders and managers should learn new ways and methods of improving workers’ efficiency and results. Organisations that deploy such ways and methods, have proved to stand ahead of others (Wharton 1996). Question Two. There are several negative and positive reinforcements, punishment and extinctions that were used by Godot and the customers in shaping of the employees’ behaviour. Positive reinforcements included the dedication and industriousness of Godot. This is positive in that it helps the workers as they are able to emulate what Godot stands for. Through dedication and hard work, the restaurant was able to stand the test of time. This was an inspiration to the workers. Another positive reinforcement was that of the customers. The customers would appreciate the work done by Diane and compliment her efficient services. This would give her morale to work even harder and efficiently knowing that her services were good. There are also negative reinforcements. They can be seen mainly from Godot’s attitude and way of doing certain things. He was a man prone to emotional outbursts. He could yell and shout at his workers whenever something went wrong or whenever he could not see what he expected of them. This is negative in that it instilled a sense of fear to the workers and always made them nervous (Bringsrud 2004). This makes someone not to perform to the expected standards, His lack of compliment to his workers is also a negative reinforcement (Myers 1997). He did not appreciate anything good but was so quick at condemning and demonising anything he felt was not right. A good employer needs to give credit where it belongs. This is a way of encouraging and giving morale to the workers (Simons 2003). Godot could not see anything good in it. All he could do was merely grunt at Diane even when she said hello or goodbye. Such attributes do not befit a good employer. Punishment was in the form of fining his workers whenever something went wrong. When Diane dropped a plate of bouillabaisse appetiser, she was scorned at and fined a total of $24. 95. This punishment demoralised her to the extend of affecting her performance. Her earnings from tips dropped from a one time top of 23 percent to a meager 15 percent. This was as a result of reducing the pace at which she worked in order to prevent any other incidences from happening. From this, one can easily tell that the punishment imposed on her was too much and she could not risk losing the amount any more. Such a negative reinforcement does not add any value to the business but instead it demoralizes the workers thus reducing the pace of working (Wharton 1996:8). As a result, the customers end up waiting for long and some might give up and leave. This turns out to affect the restaurant adversely. Godot as an employer has various ways of improving or shaping the behaviour of his employees. One of the ways is by introducing packages that are employee friendly and putting in place certain measures that would improve the performance of his employees instead of using ruthless methods such as imposing of huge fines and punishment to the workers. Such methods could include appreciating what the workers do and also ones in a while complimenting the efforts made. Diane would have been appreciated in various ways and by so doing, her morale would have been boosted thus making her work extra hard and as a result winning more customers. Employers need to realise that social responsibility and leadership in organisations and businesses for that matter are very vital aspects (Haddock 2001:475). Workers depend on employers and employers depend on workers too. This is a mutual relationship which should be upheld in all cases. This should be realised by both the parties in order for the business to perform to the expectations. Question Three. The reinforcements and punishment mentioned in question two have both positive and negative impact on Diane’ behaviour. Inasmuch as the punishment imposed on Diane would seem to be on the extreme, it could be viewed as positive in some ways. Being careful at the job place is extremely important. When Diane dropped the plate of appetiser, she was fined heavily by Godot. This made her promise to be more careful than ever before so that she could not get herself in the same mistake again. This instills a sense of discipline and responsibility to the workers (McTagart 2003). The strict nature of Godot, his dedication and industriousness was a lesson for Diane. Her behaviour would be influenced by such reinforcements. She would learn to be dedicated and more independent in future. Her pace of doing things would also improve as she was used to doing tasks at a very fast rate. This obviously is a positive change to her behaviour. On the other hand, Godot’s lack of compliment and appreciation would affect her behaviour too. This will make her feel left out, unwanted and also feel like her services are not worth. If Godot had behaved differently in this case, Diane would have learned from the same and applied it elsewhere. In any organisation, behavioural shaping and change is very important. Every employee should feel like part of the team in order for there to be teamwork and tangible results (Moir 1999). The lack of appreciation and compliment changed Diane’s way and pace of doing the job. It made her slow down thus affecting the job she was doing. The emphasis of Godot on the importance of working as a team is seen as a positive gesture of behavioural shaping. If an employee was hired and he/she did not appreciate the importance of working as a team, he/she would learn from Godot’s vision and his way of doing things, thus shaping ones behaviour (Stuart 2003). Question Four. The effectiveness of hourly pay rates and tips as a way of reinforcing desired behaviours could go either way, that is, it could either be positive or negative depending on the outcome and the intention of the method. Hourly pay rates in most cases is the method that most employees prefer (Hufman 2002:49). This is because one gets paid depending on their efforts. If one inputs more effort in the job he/she is paid more than that who inputs less. The principle ideally is ‘more effort more pay, less effort less pay’. This is not just an advantage to the employees only but also to the employers (Godwin 2001). If an employee does more, the employer also gets more in returns. Hourly pay has proved to be the best way of dealing with both the employers and the employees. One could work for a certain period of time and get doing something else including attending lectures and lessons. This method does not tie someone to one thing. One becomes flexible enough to the extend of even doing more than one job. Tips are also a good way of reinforcing desired results and behaviours (Borer et al 2000). Tips make a worker work extremely fast and with dedication. How much one takes home at the end of the day, week or month depends on the person’s zeal of work. Just like hourly pay, tips benefit both the employee and the employer. For instance, if an employee makes 20 percent of the total amount of money, it definitely goes without saying that the employer must have bagged the 80 percent. It is therefore important that the mode and way of payment as per the contract is obeyed by the two parties involved. Reinforcing of behaviour could be done in different ways, hourly pay rates and tips being one of the ways. Such a method makes the employee work under certain rules and conditions as deemed fit by the employer. Work for three hours, do not break anything, get your pay and tips and leave. This is normally the motto of such methods. Some employees are too careless and lazy to the extend that they do not care about what happens in the event that loses are incurred. The only way to check them and put them on toes in by introducing the hourly pay rates and tips. This is meant to give the employer the opportunity of maximising his/her time at the job place. In the extract, Godot decides to introduce such a method in order to cushion himself against the lazy workers who might think that they can just get to the hotel, work anyhow and get away with it. This is not Godot’s way of working. He believes in workers earning what they worked for. If you work hard you get more. If you just lazy around, you are bound to get very little. Diane had to work hard so that she could save something substantial for her use ones she went back to school. To her, a table waiting job was what she could do instead of just staying at home during summer. She thought that she could make some money and improve on her University life, actually change her diet. Her hard work would fetch her upto 23 percent on tips and $15. 0 per hour. She had set targets that she wanted to meet. Her ability to work fast and efficiently earned her the percentage she had targeted on tips. This plus her hourly pay was enough to take care of her University needs after summer. This method of tips encouraged her to work hard. Had it been a flat rate pay on tips, Diane would not have worked as hard as she did. This meant that Godot also made a lot of money in the process. Fur thermore, Godot spelt out clearly what he wanted for his restaurant. He had a vision for his restaurant and insisted on the importance of working as a team in order to deliver good services to his customers. It is on the basis of this too that Diane decided that she would put in her best to prove how good she could be. Conclusion. From the case study, it is very clear that something has to be done in most organisations regarding work ethics and behaviour. Employers subject their workers to unfavourable working conditions and all they care about is there well being and not that of the workers (Huberman 1994). Workers in such organisations end up persevering such conditions with the aim of just making ends meet in their lives. This could be clearly seen from Diane’s case. She had to persevere for the purposes of making money but did not enjoy working under such conditions. Workers should enjoy doing their work and this can only be made conducive by the input of the employers (Benstin 1995). Organisational behaviour is a topic of discussion that leaves many employers and employees looking for ways and methods of dealing with the issue.